Automatic machine-gun.



yM0. 723,232. PATENTBD MAR. 24, 190s. f

' T. BERGMANN.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. Z6. 1901. v

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

:Erz sur UR,

.M Sm..

NM. m.

PATENTED MAR. 2,4-, 1903.

lT. BERGMANN. AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 26. 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Ho MODL...

PATENI'ED MAB.. 24, 1903I T. BERGMANN. AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 26. 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H0 MODEL.

n L1 um 7W ALT-L E'S 5' E E MM AM 'PATENT-:ljMARI 24, 190s.

' T BERGMANN- AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 26, 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 723,232. Y* PATENTED MAR. 24, 1903.

l T.V BERGMANN. I

AUTOMATIC MACHIN'GUN.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 26. 1901.

No MODEL. @SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

THEODOR BERGMANN, OF BADEN, GERMANY.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE-GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 1ro. 723,232, dated Merch 24, 1903.

Application-filed September 26, 1901. Serial No. 76,6004;` (No model-'i To afZZ whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, THEoDoR BERGMANN, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,lresidig at Baden, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Automatic Machine-Guns, of which th following is a specification.

Myinveution relates to automatic machineguns, and is 'chiefly designed to simplify' the construction and increase the efficiency of such firearms.. y

An important feature of my said invention consists in an improved locking piece or wedge for automatically securingthe breechbolt in its closed position at the proper times during the forward-and-backward motion of the barrel in the operation of the gun, which locking-piece can be employed aswell for an infantry recoil-loading gun as for a so-called machine-gun. The said locking piece or wedge is arranged so as to slide in a transverse slot in al guide-sleeve secured to and moving with the, barrel and is formed with an aperture or passage through which thev .breech-bolt passes, the .transverse vmotion of the said wedge or locking-piece in its slot in locking Ithe breech-bolt to the said sleeve and in releasing it therefrom being 'obtained by means of inclined surfaces on the said wedge engaging with corresponding inclined planes on the casing of the gun or on the casing of the gun and on the breech-bolt.

through the rear part of 'a machine-gun with the breech closed; Fig. 2, a horizontallongitudinal section of the same gun withthe 55 breech open; Fig. 3, a transverse section on theeline C D, Fig. 2, seen from the front and;

with the rearward parts made visible. Fig? A is a rear elevation of the gun. Fig. 5 isa transverse section on the line E F, Fig. 2, look- 6o bolt moved back and the lock cocked. Fig. 8 is 65 an elevatioiiof the whole gun, drawn to a reduced scale, seen from the left. Fig. 9is an elevation, of similar size, of thesame gun seen fromabove.

Fig. lai -hows the iiringpin holder in two views.1 i ig. l2 is a vertical vlongitudinal section, ot the casing and breech-bolt in the neighborhood o l:` the locking wedge or block in another modification of the latter.

Like reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.

The barrel 1 is screwed into a guide sleeve or frame 2 'which slides in the tubular casing 3 of the gn.

v'slides in.- the sleeve 2, bearsexternally an extractor 5 and is provided with an internal passage or bore in whichsl-ides the firing-pin The said rving-pin is pressed rearward by Fig. 10 shows the breech l bolt seen from the left, with the extractor. 7o

The breech-bon e, which se According to another part of my said in. ,a spring 8 and is 'retained withinthe said 85 the aim.

In the accompanyingdrawings Ihave v shown howmy 'said 'invention can be convenientlyand advantageously carried into practice. Y e Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectihn i breech-bolt by a'rin'epin holder 7. A locki' ing piece or wedge 9 i's mounted so as to slide transversely in the 'sleeve'.2 and is formed i with a rectangular "passage, through which fit-he freut angular part of the breech-bolt 4 9ol can pass. The casing?) is, moreover, provided at'a suitable position with a groove 3,

iinto which lthe lockingewedge 9 can pass in 'order to move out 'of engagement with the i breech-bolt 4, and the said breech-bolt has a 95 locking-groove 4e", with which the locking 1piece or wedge 9 can interlock. The lockingpiece can also be made in a somewhat different manner to that shown in the drawings, and according to this only grooves-are to be formed.

firing-pin 6, acted upon by its spring 8, from moving rearward out ot the breech-bolt 4, also the corresponding roov The firing-pin holder 7, which prevents the forms a safety device, whereby no iring'oi i; idge een take piece unless the breechholte has previously been locked to the sleeve 2. For this purpose the point of the tiringpin can only be moved up to the percussioncap when the front end of the ringpin holder, which moves beneath the upper part cf lcckingpiece 9, can move upward. Thus if the inciting-piece 9 is not in its upper leoked pos ien the dringpin holder 7, swing# ing abont iis pin, cannet move upward at its front c.. the middle part of the firingpn helder, which passes threngn the dringpin 6, prevents ferwerd motion thereof, and conseqf ntly also drinsu @n the upper o? the easing 3 meented e iiidew-sieeve 16 e striker 17, dat

o u 1 1 n arm ci wn., entends 'the' slotted tnhes 16, f" and 2 into the interior iar enengh for the dbg-pin (i to he struck. thereby. The striker 1?' extends rearward in the orin e round rod, in which the notch for the 'trigger is cnt, end is driven 'ferwerd by e spring which hears atils rear end, against a step in the bore of the sleeve i3.

At the iewer part oi' the casing 3 is mounted a. sleeve 19, in which the cooking-piece slides. This cooking-piece, in the saine nien nerA as the striker 17, has a dat arm extending into the casing and engaging in a corresponding recess in the breech-bolt 4, so as to couple the cooking-piece 2O with the breech-bolt f1 in such a manner that both parts must more together.

Behind the cocking-piece 2O in the sleeve 19 is arranged the clos'.:1g-spring,- 2l, which bears at the rear against a stop in the sleeve 19. The cooking-piece 20 is bored through in its cylindrical part, so that a setting-rod22, which is surrounded by the spring 21, can ness through. The rod 22 is formed with a head .it its iront end to engage with the front part 0i the cooking-piece 2O and is provided with two ennui-ar turned notches into which the sear-bolt 29 can enter when the said rod is in lits foremost or rearmost position, respectively. At the rear end the rod 22 bears a ring 23 to enableit to be conveniently grasped. The casing-tube 3 is closed at its rear end by the base-screw 24, which limits the rearward travel of the breech-bolt and also of the sleeve 2, bearing the barrel. To this basescrew 2e is also rigidly connected the baseplate 25 through the screws 26 and 27. The base-plate 25 is provided at both its right and left hand sides with arms between which are secured two turned handles 38 and 39, of wood, horn, dac., by means of screws 40 end 41, extending through rhein. These handles serve for the manipulation of the machine-gun.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the two sleeves 16 and Y19, which are mounted in corresponding seats in the casing 3, are held fast on the casing 3 by e clamp 31, while displacement of the said sleeves is prevented in a rearward direction by their abutting against the baseplate 25 and in a, forward direction by abutting against the shouldered or stepped end of the sente in the casing The clamp 34. hears et its lower end the yoke 35, which turns by means of hinges about the pin 36 and is secured by a bolt 37, the handle or knob of which is 'visible in Figs. 3 and 9 and which is prevented from coming loose of itself by a spring-catch.

The ejector 32, Fig. 2, which is mounted in a groeve in the casing 3 and is secured by means ci? the pin 33, has nose projecting into the breech-boit 4, which is prcvided for this purpose with a corresponding; longitudigroove, ns can 'he seen from Figs. 2, 3., and 5. thecasing-sleeve3is also mounted detent-lever 13, which oscillates about end the rearwerdlyestendwhich is continually forced npby the 15.

For the protection end coolingl of the barrel geleitet L12 is screwed onto the front cesing 3, this jacket bearing the The said. cooling-jacket, which iis-,crewed by hand, is secured in its esiien by a jacket-holder in the form oted lever 1i), which oscillates about i n the casing 3 and is actuated by n spring 2, arrenged in n recess in the pressthe jacket-holder.

knob c". The form of this jacket-holder 10 and its engagement with the jacket 42 can he seen fromFigs. 1, 3, Land 9. The movement of the barrel 1 with the breechn sleeve 2 is limited forward by a. stop-rice 31, which is screwed into the cooling-jacket Ll2. In order te prevent the water in the coolingjacket L12 from running out backward, a joint 4:3 is inade, with suitable pecking material, in front ci the breech-sleeve 2. A. similar necked jeiut is arranged at the muzzle. shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the water can be introduced into or run out of the cooling-jacket zitter the removal of a screw-plug atteched to chain. 'A velve, which is not sliown,-per `mits the escape of the steam when the pressure exceeds a predetermined limit. The eye shown in Fig. 3 and arranged beneath at the front end of the jacket permits connection of the gun with a gun-carriage or other object.

The back sight is not shown end can be the same as on the infantry weapon with the cartridges of which'the machinegnn is arranged to work. Likewise the safety device is not specially shown andr the arrangement which permits the firing of single shots, while both of these facilities can be very eiciently provided for and carried out. The feeding` of the cartridges is likewise not shown, and takes place from the right hand and the ejection to the left hand. It can, however, be effected at any desired sid'e, suitable .passages being formed for this purpose in the casing 3 and sleeve 2, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 7.

Fig. 9 shows on the right-hand side at the top the passage through which the cartridges are fed in, preferably on sheet-metal strips.

Operation without cartridges: 1f the set- Izo r ter fast.

ting-rofl 22 is drawn back by the ring 23, the head of the rod 22 movesback the cookingpiece 2U and the breech-holt 4, coupled thereto. At the same time the breech-bolt 4 also carries back the barrel 1, together with the sleeve 2, which is locked .to the breech-bolt '4 by the locking-piece 9.l As soon as in the rearward motion of the parts the lockingpiece 9 reaches the position 3u the sleeve 2 will be simultaneously brought to rest by the engagement of its rear end with the basescrew 24. Since the rearward travel of the sleeve 2 and barrel 1 is limited here, the breech-bolt 4 will continue its rearward motion by the force exerted thereon, and the locking-piece 9 will be forced out of the locked position by the interaction of the inclined locking-surfaces on the said locking-piece 9.

and on the breech-bolt 4. If now the breechbolt is drawn farther back by means of the rod 22 and the cooking-piece, it will carry back the striker 17 at the same time, so that the striker-spring 18 and the closing-spring 21 will be compressed together. As soon as the pullhas continued sofar that the rear end of 'the breech-bolt abuts against the base-screw the cooking-notch of the striker 17 is brought opposite the sear 28 of the trigger,and,pressed by the spring 30, the said scar springs into the cocking-notch of the striker and holds the lat- At-the same time the rear end of the detent-leverv13, acted upon by its spring 15, is also rapidly moved upward and places itself against the front surface of the striker 17, Fig. 7. The sear 29, pressed by the spring 30, simultaneously engages with the inner notch in the setting-rod 22 and holds the Whole in the open rearmost position. If now the sear 29 is released by pressing against the end thereof in front of the base-plate 25, the setting-rod 22 will be free and be driven forward, together with the breech-bolt, by the spring 21, while the striker 17 will remain in its cocked position.` As soon as the breechbolt has moved vforward so far that its front4 surface strikes against the rear end of the barrel and the locking-piece 9 has its locking-surface opposite the locking-surface 4 in the breechbolt`4 the locking-piece 9, by means of the inclined surface-on its underv side,l

slides upward on the inclined-plane surface of the recess 3 in the casing and locksitself with the breech-block, and then the two parts move 'forward together under the action of the spring 21 over the remaining short part 'of the travel until the sleeve 2 strikes against the stop-ring 31 on xthe cooling-jacket. The

. locking thus takes'iplace under control.

In the last stage 'of .the forwardtravel of the sleeve 2 an inclined surface `on the. sleeve 2 strikes against aninclined surface on the de- .tent-lever 13,so thatthe rear arm of the said lever-{which previously had` the position shownlin Fig. 7, takes up the esition shown in Figa-1 andallows the 'stri er -17 to move rapidly forward as soon zasthesear 28st the rear has been pressed down and has thus released the notch of the striker 17.

In firing the operations take place in a some.-v what dilerent manner. If a magazine,A or

from the magazine and push it into the car-- tridge-chamber of the barrel, in which operation the extractor claw or hook slides over the edge of the base of the cartridge, engages in `the channel or groove thereof, and the gun is ready for firing. If'vnow the trigger 28 is pressed down, the striker 17, driven by the striker-spring 18, flies yforward and strikes against the firing-pin 6, the point of .which fires the cartridge. The recoil of the shot throws the barrel 1, together with the sleeve 2 and the breech-bolt 4, locked thereto, backward, and as the sleeve 2 strikes against the base-screw 24, and is thus prevented from moving farther back, the locking-piece 9 unlocksthe breech-bolt 4in the manner above described,'aud thus allows the said breech-bolt .to continue its travel and to move rearward up to the base-screw 24. In this operation the breech-bolt 4 carries back the striker 17 as Wellas the cocking-piece 20. closing springs 18 and 21 are meanwhile compressed, and the detent-lever 13 places itself The striker andV in front of the striker 17 and holds the latter in its cocked position. The cartridge-case in this rearward motion is now struck onfthe right-hand side by the nose of the ejector 32, and since it is held on the left-hand side by the extractor-claw it is ejected to the lefthand through the openings in the casing 3.and in the sleeve 2. The setting-rod 22 during this rearward motion of the other parts remains in its forward position, Fig. 7.' If now the pressure on the trigger 28 be continued, the

breech-bolt, acted upon by the closing-spring 2l through the cooking-piece 20, immediately,

Iiies forward again, and thus takes the next cartridge out of the magazine into the barrel. Locking of the breech-bolt then takes place,

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and at the last moment' the detent-lever 13 is l released The-striker, which is held thereby, flies forward against the firing-pin, and the next shot is tired, and the firing proceeds continuously until the last cartridge in the magazine has been fired.

Fig. 12 shows another form of construction,

wherein the locking-wedge 9 is arranged so y as -to engage with an inclined surface inthe breech-bolt, and be thus unlocked. For this purpose the inclined surface 3 of a projection extending into the sleeve 2 strikes against the upwardly-inclined surface 9 on the locking-wedgein the rearward travel of the parts of the breech mechanism, and the lockingwedge is'thereby forced out of the lockedposition. The method of operation of the parts relatively to'each other remains the same in other respects. v

l5 i ,K first end second lrsembens, substantially es described.

The combination of e. substantially tujacent- `end movable therein,

gitudinelly,

TWhat l claire is 1. The combination of three members the first and second etwhicn have conjoint move ment and also e. movement tbe first independently of the second in substantially the seme direction, end the third of which is relatively stationery, end en interlocking device for said first and second members movable therewith and also substantially transversely thereolrectilinenrly to'eect the unlocking there-- of, seid third ineinberheving en abutment edthe liinit of ingr/'erneutv of` seid second member edepted to be engaged by seid locking device so es to lock the second, and third members together upon the unlocking of seid buien: cesing hnving e. recess, the bnl-rel, e sleeve movable with seid berrel within seid casing, the breech-bolt inciosed in seid sleeve means for limiting the movement of seid sleeve and barrel, menne forv moving the breech bolt longitudinally, and e-locking device adapted to interlock seid breech-boltnnd sleeve and movable relatively thereto rectilinearly to unlock them, seidoasingv being adapted to y maintain seid device in locking engagement with the breech-bolt and sleeve, and seid recess e, breech-bolt arranged in seid structure, the

one beingmoveble relatively to the other lonn firing-pin holderfulcrumed in the breech-bolt and engaging the firing-pin to control the position thereof, and n transverselymovebie of said holder, seid breech-bolt end seid pert having engegeeble surfaces one of which is inclined, said part being movable upon the rele.- tive movement between said structure end the breech-bolt, substantially es described.

4:. The combination of e, tubular structure, s. breech-bolt movable in seid tubular structure longitudinally thereof, a locking device for interlocking'seid breech-bolt and tubular structure and movable transversely thereof to unlock the seine, said tubular structure being also longitudinally movable, a. firing-pin in said breech-bolt, and e, holding device controlling the firing-pin arranged in said breechbolt, said holding device being adapted to engage seid locking'device to be thereby actuated, and said locking device and seid breechbeing adapted to reiceve'seid device when moved to unlock seid eL ring-pin in seid breech-bolt, a,

nert in said structure controlling the position` bolt having engegeeble surfaces one of which is inclined, substantially asdescribed.

5. ln en automatic machine-gun, the ceinbinetion uf e. casing-sleeve and bese-plete heving longitudinal seats, guide-tubes for the striker an d cooking-piece fitted into seid seats, and e'cldmp provided with e. swinging yoke for securing the said guide-tubes in the seid seats, substantially as, and for the purpose,

' 6. chine-gun, of e, casing, e guide sleeve or freine to which tlie berrel is secured, el lockingpiece slidine` trnnsverselyin seid sleeve breech-bolt sliding in seid sleeve or frame end extending through seid' locking-piece, sur"v feces on seid locking-piece coaching Withsuifeces on the casing end on the breech-bolt, n iiring-'pin in seid breeclrbolt, end n lever piv-v otelly mounted in seid breech-bolt and engeg,v ing with seid riiig-pin end seid locking-piece," substentiellyas, end for tbe purposes, herein# f before described. A A

E.lne;,inecni11e-gun, e casing, n coolingjacket secured to saidcesing, eberrel sliding in seid casing end or freine, e

jacket, n. guideireine or sleeve on seid barrel, e breech-'colt sliding,r in

The coinbineticmin eneutonlatic ineseid guide frame orsleeve, a tiring-pin sliding in seid breech-bolt, e lockingpiece sliding transversely inseid guide freme'or sleeve, n setting-rod sliding in seid casing and having en external handle, a spring-pressed cookingpiece sliding on seid setting-rod and engaging yseid breech-bolt, aspring-pressed strikervslidy ing'in said casing,

sears for engaging said setting-rod and said striker, a detentllever for engaging seid striker end a. surface: on said guide frame or sleeve for tripping said detentlevensubstentially es hereinbeiore described.

t. ln en automatic machine-gun, thecouiz y binetion ot e casingsleeve having longitudinel seats along its exterior, e bese-screw, e. bese-plete bearing handles, guide tubes nr sleeves fitted into seid seats, a clamp having n swinging yoke fon'securing the said guidetubes in their seats, e. cooling-jacket secured to the forward end of seid casing, a barrel and guide frame or sleeve sliding in said casing and jacket, and packed joints at the ends of 'sind jacket, substantially as hereinbefore described.

ln testimony whereof I vhave hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witmesses.

THEODOB BERGMANN. `Witnessesz E. BnrssWNcnn, MAX ADLER.

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